Development of IP and SCAR markers linked to the yellow seed color gene in Brassica juncea L.

Previous studies showed that the yellow seed color gene of a yellow mustard was located on the A09 chromosome. In this study, the sequences of the molecular markers linked to the yellow seed color gene were analyzed, the gene was primarily mapped to an interval of 23.304 to 29.402M. Twenty genes and eight markers’ sequences in this region were selected to design the IP and SCAR primers. These primers were used to screen a BC₈S₁ population consisting of 1256 individuals. As a result, five IP and five SCAR markers were successfully developed. IP4 and Y1 were located on either side of the yellow seed color gene at a distance of 0.1 and 0.3 cM, respectively. IP1, IP2 and IP3 derived from Bra036827, Bra036828, Bra036829 separately, co-segregated with the target gene. BLAST analysis indicated that the sequences of newly developed markers showed good collinearity with those of the A09 chromosome, and that the target gene might exist between 27.079 and 27.616M. In light of annotations of the genes in this region, only Bra036828 is associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. This gene has high similarity with the TRANSPARENT TESTA6 gene, Bra036828 was hence identified as being the gene possibly responsible for yellow seed color, in our research.     

Diversity in the carotenoid profiles and the expression of genes related to carotenoid accumulation among citrus genotypes

Carotenoids are not only important to the plants themselves but also are beneficial to human health. Since citrus fruit is a good source of carotenoids for the human diet, it is important to study carotenoid profiles and the accumulation mechanism in citrus fruit. Thus, in the present paper, we describe the diversity in the carotenoid profiles of fruit among citrus genotypes. In regard to carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, lycopene, and β-citraurin, the relationship between the carotenoid profile and the expression of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes is discussed. Finally, recent results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of carotenoid contents and expression levels of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes in citrus fruit are shown.     

Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula

Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. To date, only a few studies have examined the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides. In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. and Porphyridium aerugineum were studied in a soy bean-based infant milk formula. Salt composition and concentration were both shown to affect the polysaccharides’ antioxidant activity. It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains’ interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. Among the cations that were studied, Ca²⁺ had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides’ stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites.     

菜用甘薯新品种薯绿1号的选育

薯绿1号(原名徐菜薯1号)是以台农71为母本,以广薯菜2号为父本,通过定向有性杂交选育而成的菜用甘薯专用新品种。株型半直立,分枝多,叶片心形,顶叶黄绿色,叶基色和茎色均为绿色。薯块纺锤形,白皮白肉。茎尖无茸毛,烫后颜色翠绿至绿色,无苦涩味,微甜,有滑腻感,食味好。高抗茎线虫病,抗蔓割病。在国家区域试验3个月时间内每667m2产量1800kg左右,如在保护地条件下可周年生产,每667m2产量在5000kg以上。适合江苏、山东、河南、浙江、四川、广东、福建、海南等适宜地区作叶菜种植。     

水果萝卜新品种京脆1 号的选育

京脆1 号是由两个自交不亲和系05132 和05177 配制而成的鲜食水果型萝卜一代杂种。生长期75～80 d（天），叶
片近板叶型，深绿色，半直立株型。肉质根椭圆形，尾根细，茎盘小。根长13 cm，横径12 cm，平均单根质量1.2 kg，每
667 m² 产量5 000～6 000 kg。肉质根3/4 露出地面，出土部分浅绿色，入土部分白色，肉色浅绿，肉质甜脆，VC 含量 380
mg·kg^-1（FW），硫苷含量318.8 μmol·kg^-1（FW），适合生食。田间对病毒病和软腐病的抗性强于对照满堂红。适合北京、
天津、河北、山东等地种植。     

3个四季草莓品种在川西高原栽培研究

以圣安德瑞斯、波特拉和蒙特瑞3种四季草莓为材料,在茂县进行夏季栽培比较试验,通过各品种的农艺性状及果实内、外在品质等指标进行分析对比以及灰色关联度分析,结果表明:圣安德瑞斯的长势最好；圣安德瑞斯的果实虽然大而重但糖酸比较低,口感较差,风味偏酸,蒙特瑞的固酸比最高,风味最好； 3个品种加权关联度排名依次为蒙特瑞、圣安德瑞斯、波特拉。结论：在茂县及相应高原区域栽培条件下,蒙特瑞的综合适应性最佳。     

山西省襄垣县有机旱作农业发展研究

襄垣县是山西省有机旱作试点县,根据其自然条件,通过总结该县有机旱作发展现状、制约因素及潜力分析,提出适宜的对策措施,为今后有机旱农业的发展提供一定的参考。     

如何制作家庭组合盆栽

组合盆栽是园艺之花卉栽培、插花技艺、盆景制作的完美结合,它主要是通过艺术配置的手法,将几种不同种类的观赏植物组合设计同植在一个容器内,组合盆栽比插花观赏性强、生命力强,比盆景制作周期短、制作难度小,更易出成品,适合家庭用,适合推广普及。     

环境对西府海棠锈病发生的影响与病害防治技术

西府海棠锈病是危害西府海棠的最重要病害,造成叶片枯黄、早落,影响次年的开花与结果。本研究,分析了近年来病害严重发生的环境影响因素,并提出防治技术方案。